In this Issue:

As an interdisciplinary and multifaceted entity, the Gail Project is composed of students and academic personal with diverse skill sets. In this issue, we will introduce some of the team members, highlight summer adventures, explore…

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A letter protesting student deaths from the High School Teachers' Union in Ginoza to James B. Lamport, High Commissioner of the Ryukyus.

July 1954
Plan of Resettlement for FY 1956 - FY 1960

4/19/1961
Address by Dr. James A Ross, Director of RICOM, Economic Development Department on the occasion of the Departure of 139 Emigrants to Bolivia.


Things highlighted include topography, roads, towns, and bases.

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8/8/1952
A notice from USCAR to the Chief Executive of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands to inform them of the use of specified land for troop training purposes.
"Use of the area [for troop training] will not require the suspension of indigenous…

3/21/1954
This is a translated article printed in the local Okinawan newspaper. "The Land Problem is unjust, change military administration for civil service one."

3/18/1946
Directive No. 131 provides a list of preventative measures for Malaria.

11/19/1953
Navy, Army, and U.S. Military Government areas are shaded.
"Rescinded by CA Directive No 12, 19 November 1953"

10/22/1957
Petition from Hideyoshi Uehara to the Honorable High Commissioner of the Ryukyu Islands on land ownership.

Date Sent: 6/26/1952
Date Received: 9/20/1952
In the planning of the construction for new army installments, approximately 337 Okinawan tombs and 391 buildings were estimated to be cleared according to a document released by the Headquarters of the Ryukyus Command in June of 1952. This document…


1951-52
Army WAC - profile

1951-52
Army WAC - three quarter profile

1951-52
Army bunk, mosquito netting

1951-52
"Everytime it rains (average 200 days a year) you have to walk through this" [mud, tracks]

1951-52
The coastline leading up to Nago, with Nago City in the background, and trees lining the coastal road.

1951-52
Distance view of village, harbor

1951-52
Tree silhouettes in river and sky


1951-52
"Here is one of my prizes. This has the typical road, houses, terrain, fields, rice paddies and the farmer carrying the honey buckets out to his field. I can smell the slop in those buckets from here! The House with the tile roof is the "Honcho" or…

1951-52
"School girls in their back yard, Towel was probably a present from a G.I. for an older sister"


1951-52
Fisherwomen catching fish?

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1951-52
"Seeking sea shells at the she sore [sic]"

1951-52
Young boy trying to loosen kite? stuck in tree

1951-52
Standing full length portrait of young girl in boots

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1951-52
Portrait of little girl with baby brother on back

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1951-52
"Notice the mongolian features of this little girl"

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1951-52
Young boy in hat & overalls holding dirt clod

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1951-52
Four artists painting

1951-52
[Young boy, checkered kimono, holding knife] "This little fellow's head really looked like black velvet. His robe is of the red plaid that most of the children his size wear. Notice where the urine has run down his leg and the dust collected there…

1951-52
"The dark blue blouses with white strips on cuff and around neck flap are the school girl costume. This is a Japanese influence. As you see the girls on the left are doing all possible to hide their faces from the camera, the others too dumbfounded…

1951-52
"This is my best picture. It explains itself." [Grandmother with little boy on back, girl climbing onto porch]

1951-52
Squatting man in conical star hat

1951-52
Portrait of elderly man in dark kimono, straw hat and cane


1951-52
"Old Fisherman"

1951-52
Portrait of smiling man

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1951-52
Man in hat - standing side view

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1951-52
"No one except the members of the family can get access to the key around the dog's neck."

1951-52
"This is a typical shoe store. The owner makes the shoes out of blocks of wood stacked at right, and lines in the back of the shop. The children were all trying to watch me without getting their pictures taken, but had to bring out the baby boy, as…

1951-52
Portrait of father (in lion cloth) and child

1951-52
Portraits of elderly lady holding grandchild - both smiling

1951-52
Profile of elderly lady

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1951-52
Side view, full length standing portrait of elderly lady in stripped dress

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1951-52
"This old Mamason was none too happy to be cornered for a picture, but after I took it I bowed and thanked her in Japanese and she gave me a big toothless smile. If you look closely you can see the tattoos on her hands and wrists that are placed on…

1951-52
"This old lady has the tattooed hands and was smoking a cigarette with the holder which turns up at the end. They are very common here. Also from her behavior while I was taking the picture. I decided she was also quite familiar with saki. The lady…

1951-52
"Notice tattoos on her wrist, an old marrying custom"

1951-52
"The Cobbler"

1951-52
"All sawing is done like this"


1951-52
"This is a seed store. The old gent has made himself a pair of bifocals by taping two pairs of glasses together. Hi is using the far vision through the top pai only now, but back to his newspapers he will look through both. Notice the cans in the…

1951-52
"Ain't this the cutest little feller on the lower right! Also notice how unconcerned the woman is of the bundle on her head, with a bottle in it too! You won't find any stockings in the picture."

1951-52
"Notice the barber is brushing hair off his arm with a paint brush"

1951-52
"In the very middle of town"

1951-52
Woman carrying large pumpkin on head

1951-52
"These are squid drying as we would dry clothes on a line. In a week or month or so they will be stacked like shingles in a market. Children eat them like lolipops"

1951-52
Woman carrying basket of fish on head

1951-52
Fish catch

1951-52
[Fishermen carrying nets, robes, baskets]

1951-52
Fishermen with nets, standing next to boat in water

1951-52
Fisherman, fisherwives

1951-52
"Haggling over the price of fish"

1951-52
"The fisherman's wife weighing the fish"

1951-52
"Waiting for her basket of fish to be weighed. Notice gold teeth to show she was worth something. Seersucker dress at right stolen WAC uniform"



1951-52
Fisherman with catch in basket wading into shore

1951-52
Fishing boat with fishermen & women

1951-52
Fishing boat being steered by poles

1951-52
2 sail boat

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1951-52
Fishing boats

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1951-52
Fisherman in hat

1951-52
"Stevedores"

1951-52
"A nice cool bath for one of our old cavalry horses" [Fisherman, horse & cart in water]

1951-52
Two fishermen carrying cargo

1951-52
Fisherman in hat

1951-52
Smiling elderly gentleman, missing front teeth

1951-52
Man in straw hat, kimono & fan - women, child in background

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1951-52
"This is a church building being constructed. Notice how all the scaffolding is bound together with thongs rather than nailed or bolted"

1951-52
Motor with pulley, men talking, truck

1951-52
"Bon Odori " Festival 3

1951-52
"Bon Odori " Festival 2

1951-52
"Bon Odori " Festival 1

1951-52
Boat race

1951-52
"Old ladies being carried to boats for the big boat race"

1951-52
"Japanese Tori (Gateway to Heaven)"

1951-52
"At head of the stairs is a cave which has a shrine in it, complete with roof, even though it is protected by the cave. This 'Gateway to Heaven' is part of the Japanese influence, their religion rather than the Okinawan's, however, the Okinawans will…

1951-52
Bow of beached ship NP_178

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1951-52
Boat keel & boat bow

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1951-52
"You don't see trees like this in California, however I'd rather see what's there."

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1951-52
Pine tree, Izote plants, clouds

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1951-52
Trees in silhouette, clouds, hills

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1951-52
Trees in silhouette, clouds, hills - distance view

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1951-52
Rock outcroppings

1951-52
Beach, cliffs, water, Izote plants

1951-52
Izote plant

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1951-52
"Izote plant"

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1951-52
"Hermit crabs take over a shell. Why grow your own with so many are free?"

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1951-52
Tree branches, rock outcroppings, boat, beach

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1951-52
Water, land, sunset, reflections

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1951-52
View of island from water

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1951-52
"Sunset"

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1951-52
View out window to sea, fishing boats

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1951-52
"This boat weighs about 500 lbs"

1951-52
Fishermen carrying boat on shoulders

1951-52
Moored boat by seawall

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1951-52
Fishing boats on beach

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1951-52
"When the tide goes out" [beached boat]

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1951-52
"See why there called 'Junks' " [Stern of Junk]

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1951-52
Boat stern - detail

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1951-52
Boat on beach

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1951-52
Ship stern, propeller

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1951-52
Ship stern and propeller

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1951-52
Wrecked war ship hulls?

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1951-52
Typhoon casualty - deck details

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1951-52
A destroyed boat

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1951-52
A broken down ship

1951-52
Wooden boat in the foreground

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1951-52
A motorboat in the peninsula between Henza and Hamiga. Before a bridge was built that connected the Hamiga to the main island, the tide would roll out so far that people could walk between islands during lowtide, a phenomenon that still occurs to…

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1951-52
A ship in the distance

1951-52
A ship in the foreground

1951-52
Man pushing boat

1951-52
A small fishing ship in the distance between the two islands, Henza and Hamiga. The shallow water in this area makes it easy for fishing activity.

(Label by Nirupama Chandrasekhar, Cowell '20)

1951-52
A junk-style ship

1951-52
A junk-style ship

1951-52
Fisherman gather around a boat

1951-52
Photo of an island from the water

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1951-52
Coastline with water in forefront

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1951-52
Taken from a metal ship

1951-52
A boat mid-construction

1951-52
Close up of a boat at a dry dock

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1951-52
Close up of a boat at dry dock

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1951-52
Note the ribbon shaped nails that are holding the boat together, also made out of wood. This is a unique Okinawan technique for holding together slats of wood without extra screws or nails, something mirrored in their gusuku architecture as well.…

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1951-52
A fisherman works in his boat at the dry dock, using his push-stick to balance his boat in the shallow water. The interior wood panels that take up the majority of this image are made of the same piece of wood, shaped to fit this boat precisely.…

1951-52
Four men on the dock

1951-52
A man on a boat just offshore.

1951-52
A man coming to shore. Children swimming in background

1951-52
Four men on a boat

1951-52
Photographer's Note: "The steps at the Nakagusuku castle are all overgrown with vegetation."

These steps are around the back of the castle, and lead up from the main palace, to an antechamber presumably used for the bedrooms of lower lords. During…

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1951-52
Photographer's note: "No mortar was used, each block of stone is cut to fit the adjacent ones perfectly. The wall around the Emperor’s palace in Japan looks just like this, except it is not pressed coral stone as this is."

Nakagusuku, an old…

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1951-52
The plaque reads: "This castle was built by Gosamaru Liege Lord and father-in-law of King Sho Taiku. While in its eighth year of construction (1450-1458) it was captured and destroyed by Amawari, Lord of Katsuren Peninsula and opposer of the king."…

1951-52
The shrine here is high up on a hill, and is marked by a torii gate, an entrance to every Shinto shrine, and a demarcation of the division between the sacred world, and our own. Larger shrines might have several torii, but this Nago shrine, being…

1951-52
These statues are ancient shiisa, the lion-dogs that are said to protect the home from evil spirit invaders. They come in pairs, one with its mouth shut and one with its mouth open. Although there are many interpretations for why this is such, the…

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1951-52
Photographer’s Note: “Part of a statue several hundred years old.”

This hand is kept in the storage at Tamaudun--the royal mausoleum of the Ryukyu Kingdom, where many families of the Sho Dynasty, the ruling family of the Ryukyu Kingdom up…

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1951-52
Photographer’s Note: “Burial Urn, buddhist figures (sic), for the ones of a man and wife”

Note the mandala-circle in the bottom section of the burial urn which symbolizes eternal balance of the cosmos. There are various Indian influences on…

1951-52
Photographer’s Note: “These womb shaped tombs originated in China, however they have been in vogue here for centuries. Nearly every hillside in the island has many of these. The people save all their lives and go without to buy one of these.…

1951-52
Photographer’s Note: “Upon the edge of the womb-shaped tomb is a fancy urn in which the bones are placed, 2, 4 or 5 years after interment. The young daughters clean the bones and put them in the urn, then place the Urn back on the altar shelf in…

1951-52
One of the tombs scattered across Okinawa, otherwise known as 'turtleback tombs' for their distinctive shape. Turtleback tombs are found all over Okinawa, but are also, interestingly found in Fujian Province, one of the big provinces in mainland…

1951-52
"Buddhist shrine way back in the hills"

1951-52
Shrine flanked by dense foliage.

1951-52
A torri flanked by an Okinawan village. Notice the power lines in the back right.

1951-52
A structure large structure across the street. Clothes out to dry. Notice the power lines that crisscross above.

1951-52
Landscape of rice paddies, a seaside structure. Clouds are prominent. Notice small human figure in bottom left of frame.

1951-52
Dense foliage, rice paddies, an Okinawan village by the sea.

1951-52
Small kitten sleeps on wooden floor

1951-1952
Thatched roof structure; sleeping dog in foreground.

1951-52
Thatched roof house surrounded by dense foliage.

1951-52
Open design, corrugated roof visible, electric lights, Coke calendar on wall, tea set on floor.

1951-52
A picture of an Okinawan village. Thatched roof huts on a hillside, behind rice paddies.